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KMID : 0869620200370030279
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Journal of Korean Society of Hospital Pharmacists
2020 Volume.37 No. 3 p.279 ~ p.291
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Incidence and Risk Factors for Dexmedetomidine-Associated Cardiovascular Adverse Effects in Intensive Care Unit Patients
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Ahn Hye-Lim
Kim Ji-Won
Ahn Seo-Hyun
Park Ae-Ryoung
Hwangbo Shin-Yi
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Abstract
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Background : Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2 agonist with sedative, analgesic, and sympatholytic properties. Dexmedetomidine has cardiovascular risks such as hypotension and bradycardia. For this reason, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends the short-term use of dexmedetomidine less than 24 hours. Therefore, this study was aimed at analyzing the current status and risk factors of the cardiovascular side effects of dexmedetomidine.
Methods : A retrospective chart review of all adult critically ill patients in the medical intensive care units who received dexmedetomidine from January 2016 to May 2017 was performed. The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of the cardiovascular adverse effects were analyzed.
Results : The total number of patients was 135, and the mean hours of dexmedetomidine administration was 165 hours. A total of 102 patients (75.6%) developed cardiovascular side effects. Among them, hypotension occurred in 99 patients (73.3%), of which 53 patients (53.5%) developed hypotension within 24 hours. Bradycardia occurred in eight patients (5.9%), of which two patients (25.0%) developed bradycardia within 24 hours. Multivariate analysis of the risk factors for hypotension showed an association between hypotension and low baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP)(p=0.028), patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)(p=0.030) and those given norepinephrine (p=0.017). The incidence of hypotension was lower in patients with underlying hypertension (p=0.030). Univariate analysis of the risk factors for bradycardia showed that the incidence of bradycardia was higher in patients with lower baseline heart rates (p=0.033), higher body weight (p=0.008), and those undergoing hemodialysis (p=0.009). Also, there were no significant differences in the days of mechanical ventilation, the number of hospital days, and the mortality rate in patients with hypotension or bradycardia.
Conclusion : Dexmedetomidine was associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular side effects. Specifically, patients who were diagnosed with lower MAP, ARDS, or in combination with norepinephrine use were more likely to develop hypotension. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor cardiovascular adverse effects in patients with these risk factors.
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KEYWORD
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Dexmedetomidine, Hypotension, Bradycardia, Cardiovascular adverse events, Critically ill patients
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